The word "Socialism" might sound dull, no doubt, with all of the emphasis put in our modern times on individualism, and for some Arabs, as a special case, it is likely to invoke some memories of oppression, let alone the "negative" connotations attached to it (e.g. Atheism). For many of its young proponents it's a mere way of expressing a revolutionary lifestyle; hormonal teens who found their arrogance and contempt for the conventional embodied in a t-shirt with the infamous depiction of Chevara, posing defyingly (not like I hate those kiddos, on the contrary).
But Socialism is not to be reduced to revolutions, not even the books of Marx, or Marx himself, and no, it is not the opposite of capitalism; simply put, it is the belief in an egalitarian society, complemented with actions geared toward building this society. It is the top of a mountain, and you are left to pick the route; Social democracy, Communism, Marxism... etc, it is up to you, but just do not mistake the route for the destination.
Christianity, based on this definition, can be regarded as an early form of socialism in the sense that it sought eliminating one of the detrimental social gradients in the Jewish societies of the time, caused by unrestrained polygamy, or the restriction on access to sex imposed on men of lower socioeconomic status, whichever you like (sorry ladies for making you feel like commodities but I am talking in the context of that time). Mother nature favors the 50% males, 50% females in most of the sexual reproduction strategies. This means that pre-Jesus times, in the Jewish societies, many men died without ever touching a single woman.
Jesus did not, definitely, come out of the blue. He surely was the culmination of brewing upheavals in the Jewish societies which were not historically registered, as they were eclipsed by the added holiness on the story, but, anyways, the whole point to mentioning this, is to show you that socialism is not against private ownership in "person", or not into bloody revolutions, but more against what makes people feel inferior to each others, and that socialism, in many occasions, prevented revolutions by means of peaceful reforms; you can not call yourself a socialist if you do not believe in the humanity of humans.
I also have another purpose for using Christianity as an example here; to strip the concept of socialism from what became, in the minds of people, inseparable to it: Economy. Marx writings are considered by many, mistakingly, to be the holy texts of socialism, but they are not, they are merely the textbooks of Marxism. The way Marx puts his ideas into written words is so charming that you have to put extra mental efforts not to fall in the critical fallacies he fail in, the fragility of his definition and expectations of the Proletariat in particular, and to resist this urge he invokes in us to reduce the whole of the social theory into a major Economic dimension, and a secondary dimension that sums all of the other aspects of a society.
In the 60's, other movements of socialism, in what some socialists refer to as enrichment and fragmentation, forced their official existence amongst the mainstream socialist parties and movements of the time; the emergence of Feminist, LGBT, and Green movements amongst others came to shatter and supersede the dull image that the more conservative parties gave to Socialism. It was time to celebrate the difference, appreciate the local, and add colors.
What caught my attention lately, is the growing evidence on the adversity of what is called social inequalities, or as I understand it, respect inequalities. It seems that human beings evolved psychological mechanisms to assess their social environment and act accordingly; the lower on the social ladder a human being is, the more he is likely to prefer short term goals over the long term ones, i.e. depleting his biological resources faster and dying younger. It comes as no surprise to me that men are more prone to this than women (remember Jesus story at the beginning). And we actually can not blame capitalism on this, more than the innocent Disney movies based on those fairy tales that teach young girls not to settle for less than an idle prince, and a young boy to try or, literally, as the studies on social inequalities showed, die trying.
This means that capitalism is not to be blamed directly, even though I have my takes on it as an economic system, especially inheritance and what relates to it, but we are to blame the social inequalities that use their economic kins as criteria for defining who is the most respected, and who is not. Sweden, for instance, is a country with the highest concentration of capital in the western world, yet it is the most egalitarian (e.g. everybody is respected and granted the same quality of life and entitlements regardless of their social stature).
At the end of the day, you do not really have to be Feminist, or leaning Green to be called socialist; all it takes to be one of those is feeling disgusted by the sight of politicians who speak in the name of a supernatural authority, while in effect aiming at maintaining archaic hierarchies and superficial distinctions to protect the exclusive "rights" of those on top of an unjust pecking order.
Well using your terminology and definitions, I can say that everything good for the society is encompassed by your little pet socialism. But a paradox arises when I try to connect classlessness and horizontal systems with sustainable social existence. In my point of view the fundamental attribute of any society is it's vertical structure, which I believe is a pyramid. Societies need bonds between individuals, such bonds are nothing but forces, continuity of such forces needs regulation, regulation of forces, needs force, this force can't be applied without inequalities (just try to build a state where the government has no monopoly over arms:)), so classlessness is not a good thing for any society, unless you want to create ephemeral structures!
ReplyDeleteOn another level, the paradox of ethical social conduct and pragmatism, Let us hypothesize that justice can produce a negative result on the society, you as a socialist: will you practice it or not?
Finally, I believe that Sweden can not enjoy it's egalitarian life style if there were no countries where people live blew and above the Swedish standard, so just consider Sweden as a class in a bigger social context! BTW, I am not a big contender to the idea of egalitarianism within classes! ;)
BTW, it is called: General Intelligence Department (GID) not Jordanian intelligence agency! ;)
ReplyDeletePriapus,
ReplyDeleteHello =) First things first:
I did not say I want a classless society, did I? I used the concept of social gradients on purpose to separate social respect from classes.
Here is the thing, Jews were rich merchants in the Roman Empire, but they were the most despised and disrespected. Another example, one of the Japanese emperors, who was dubbed the snake or something because of his convoluted ways, did the same thing to merchants in Japan, and raised the peasants above all others, to be the most respected class, even though their economic status did not change.
The point is, classes are not the same as respect gradients (social gradients). A social gradient can be found within classes themselves and communities, just like the scientific one, where the competition got nasty over what is trivial to science, i.e. recognition in the form of respect and prizes given based on arbitrary metrics.
Your second paradox (and for the records, even though I know that words are only figures of speech, a paradox is the illusion of a contradiction, not a real contradiction, but I will take it that you mean a contradiction ;p) if there was such a thing, and I guess there is, then it is the legal system fault, but imperfection is intrinsic to humans and their systems, so that is natural, and I am not advocating any forms of perfection, but I am advocating egalitarianism.
I am a proponent of locality and pragmatism, just like mother nature, you set one universal law "survival of the fittest", in case of building humanitarian societies "egalitarianism", and build your model bottom up with very little theorizing, while depending on networking rather than organizations on a wider scale (between the different societies)
Actually, I believe in this in an economic context as well. Let the small companies compete, die young, or live, and evolve as time goes by, with minimal spreading into other ecosystems. No public ownership or anything, but still, shield the kids from their parents economic status, be that good or bad; never make them feel inferior to other kids, and that should be the same with grownups (more on this next) ;)
Your point about egalitarianism in Sweden is valid. I am also a proponent of meritocracy (as you can see from my economic “taste“). I am sure that many gradients will arise from the variations in each person abilities. What is the best way to let people face this? Let their merits and choices (aside from religious, sexual and the likes of those choices) be the only thing that decide were they end up in life, and not the fortune, or lack of it, of their parents. But lets separate respect from all of this; your humanity should be respected; it should not matter how smart, strong, or beautiful you are, or if you wear a cross or a headscarf or anything of that when you go to a bank, or when you hit on a girl (let a girl decide if she like you or not, and not the organization of the society) ;)
Thanks for the correction (JID), I fixed it :D and thanks for the comment; comments like this one help my blog and ideas evolve, I hope it does the same to you :) Btw, I remember seeing your name before on the blogsphere; are you a retired blogger?
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ReplyDeleteVery interesting article. I got few comments.
ReplyDeleteFirst, my limited understanding of the terminology is that Communism is the ideal, and Socialism is one path to this ideal. Your post seems to suggest it to be the other way round.
Second, would you say that your knowledge of socialism is academic, or just amateurish curiosity? Either way, you seem to know lot more than I do, and so I personally would be very interested in your blog if it will help create better understanding of socialism.
In general, I am a supporter of Capitalism, albeit I am interested to clear many of the misconceptions about socialism. Maybe even if that happened, I might be led to reconsider my position!
PS: I deleted my previous comment because of few typos
Socialism is the ideal :) actually communism is one of those schools of thoughts on socialism that have a very weird story. The original school of communism was amongst the firsts to go defunct during the evolution of socialism in the 19th century. However, when Lenin deviated from establishing the promised Marxist regime in Russia, he called what he was doing deceivingly a revival of the old school of communism, which in reality was very different from what he was doing.
ReplyDeleteI will say I am well read on the history and principles of socialism. I shared your confusion about this topic for the longest part of my life, thanks to my "ejtma3eat" 6th grade teacher who taught me that socialism is the economic system in the communism theory. Very untrue.
Any ideology or doctrine that is committed to the creation of a truly egalitarian society based on values of cooperation and solidarity and which believes that change can come about through conscious human agency goes under the umbrella of socialism.
The Swedish society is a socialist one, yet capital concentration there is higher than that in USA.
I myself believe in private ownership, but at the same time I am against economic globalization and the transfer of wealth through inheritance. I also differ from mainstream social schools in believing that we need less theorizing about the society and more relying on evidence based decision and policy making.
I just checked Wikipedia on communism, and this is an excerpt of what I was talking about:
ReplyDelete"The exact definition of communism varies, and it is often mistakenly used interchangeably with socialism; however, Marxist theory contends that socialism is just a transitional stage on the way to communism. Leninists revised this theory by introducing the notion of a vanguard party to lead the proletarian revolution and to hold all political power after the revolution in a transitional stage between capitalism and socialism. Some communists, such as council communists and non-Marxist libertarian communists and anarcho-communists, oppose the idea of a vanguard party and transition stage and advocate for the construction of full communism to begin immediately upon the abolition of capitalism."
What gives?
That is the communists’ interpretation of the story (Leninists to be more accurate). It stands on very thin ice.
ReplyDeleteFirst of all, in “the Communist Manifesto”, Marx main goal was proposing a suitable program for the “Communist League”, a group of German émigrés. The league disbanded shortly after, and we do not know much about it, for “The Communist Manifesto” concentrated more on the inevitability of the fall of capitalism rather than declaring the goals of the league.
It worth noting that the Bolshevists found very little support in the first democratic assembly in Russia which pushed them to adopt this whole idea of the need for a vanguard party to establish true socialism. However because Marx was held in reverence by socialists back then, any social movement had to link itself to Marx. Lenin found very little connection between what he was doing and what little we know about the Communist league (e.g. confiscation of the property of emigrants and rebels) and claimed that his new ideology was merely Marx’s.
Marx in his turn used the two terms “communism” and “socialism” interchangeably and inconsistently throughout his writings. So there is very little justification for what the communists claim (i.e. that socialism is only a stage toward attaining communism). It seems that communists read Marx books in the context of their own times rather than his.
Still socialism is not about Marx. If you would like, I can suggest a couple of books for you to read. I will check Shoman’s library and see if they can be found there.
Oh stupid me. You might not be living in Jordan. But anyways, if you want me to suggest books about the subject then it would be my pleasure.
ReplyDeleteMy two main interests in Socialism are:
ReplyDelete1- Understand the assertion of Marx that Socialism/Communism is a historical inevitability. On what basis and using what mechanisms does he justify this assertion?
2- I am generally against state-capitalism, where government controls and regulates trade. I support free-market capitalism, and in particular anarcho-capitalism. When it comes to socialism, I am generally against putting the government in a position of control of "production" (my understanding is that socialism is against private ownership of production means, and that the government should be in charge in those matters.) This seems like a call for the rise of tyrant government, as opposed to liberal-democracy that is a more favorable type of government.
The "iron curtain" of the soviet union was a prime example of dictatorship. The political situation of the Communism Party in China is disgusting. I understand that those example relate more to Leninism rather than Marxism, but it is still a legitimate concern.
As for recommending books, if you can provide links to ebooks to read that would be great.
Very valid points there. Marx "inevitability" is not central to socialism. He reached this conclusion based on questionable axioms; most of them assume economy in an equilibrium state which is a dubious assumption at best.
ReplyDeleteSecond point. The state control of means of production, is not an essential element in socialism. Again, I will mention Sweden as an example. It is a social country but the state owns nothing, and it is one of the most liberal countries on Earth. Cooperation there is attained through high taxes and not state ownership.
I am providing some links, but during reading, I want you to keep in mind that in this regard in especial, different people have different stories and interpretations. The best thing is reading all the possible different positions and coming up with your own conclusion on the matter.
http://bit.ly/glJS0i
http://bit.ly/fDRepu
http://bit.ly/dGvDq5
http://bit.ly/f7BPpr
http://bit.ly/fVJhUF
http://bit.ly/ex0CIo
http://bit.ly/hPkXN5